Primary prevention occurs in which period?

• A. Pre-pathologic
• B. Early pathogenesis
• C. Late pathogenesis
• D. Post-pathologic

Answer: (A)

Primary prevention aims to stop the disease before it starts. In caries, that means acting during the pre-pathologic period, when no demineralization or lesion has begun yet. By using fluoride, sealants, and keeping a low-sugar diet with good oral hygiene, you strengthen enamel and reduce caries risk so the disease process never initiates.

Once there are initial changes in the tooth surface, you’re into pathogenesis, where early changes can still be reversed with remineralization, and later stages involve progressing damage. Post-pathologic would be after damage has occurred and you’re managing consequences. That’s why pre-pathologic is the best fit for primary prevention.