What children should receive fluoride through systemic water fluoridation or dietary supplements?

• A. Children at high caries risk
• B. All children
• C. Children with visible decay
• D. Children with no caries risk

Answer: (A)

Target fluoride exposure systemically should be reserved for children at high caries risk. Systemic fluoride from water fluoridation or dietary supplements provides fluoride to developing enamel during formation and early eruption, helping to reduce the number of new caries in those who are most susceptible. Because excessive fluoride can cause fluorosis and because many children already receive adequate fluoride from water and toothpaste, systemic supplementation isn’t appropriate for all children. For those with no caries risk, the potential benefits are minimal and unnecessary exposure should be avoided. In children with existing decay, fluoride remains important, but the decision to use systemic sources depends on overall risk and fluoride exposure from other sources; the strongest guideline is to target high-risk kids so the benefits outweigh the risks.